Fibroids are non-cancerous growths made of muscle and fibrous tissue. They can grow in the uterus or close to it, and they can be small seedlings or big masses that can enlarge and damage the uterus. A single fibroid or many fibroids can possibly develop.
Even though many women have fibroids, most of them are unaware that they have them because there are no symptoms. This is especially true for people who have little fibroids, often known as asymptomatic fibroids, because they don't show any symptoms at all.
Kinds of fibroids
The uterine body and its surrounding tissues are the usual locations of fibroids, while the cervix is also sometimes affected. Various kinds of fibroids consist of:
Intramural fibroids: These are fibroids that are embedded within the wall of the uterus. The uterine muscle tissue is where these fibroids form and develop.
Submucosal fibroids: These are fibroids that grow inside the uterus, the organ in which a fetus develops during pregnancy.
Subserosal fibroids: These are fibroids that cling to the uterine wall from outside the uterus.
Pedunculated fibroids: Fibroids that develop on the exterior of the uterus are known as pedunculated fibroids. These fibroids, which resemble mushrooms in form, are joined to the uterus by a thin stem. These are the rarest kind of fibroids.
Reasons why fibroids develop
The entire process of fibroids developing is unclear. Nonetheless, it is thought that the female hormones progesterone and estrogen affect the formation of fibroids.
Women in the reproductive age range typically develop fibroids till menopause. Early menstrual onset, obesity, a family history of fibroids suggesting a hereditary component, never having given birth, advancing age, and the existence of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are risk factors for developing fibroids.
Signs and symptoms of fibroids
Many women may not be aware of fibroids' symptoms until they encounter particular signs that warrant a diagnosis. Twenty to thirty percent of women report having certain fibroids-related symptoms. Some such common symptoms of fibroids include:
- Discomfort in the lower back
- Constipation
- Bloating
- Prolonged or excessive menstrual bleeding
- Painful menstrual cycles
- Discomfort or pain during intercourse
- Unusual bleeding while not on your period
- An increase in the frequency of urine
Fibroids effect on fertility and pregnancy
Most fibroids-afflicted women have normal fertility and pregnancies. But, certain fibroids might make it difficult to become pregnant or give birth. Large uterine fibroids might affect a baby's posture and limit their range of motion throughout pregnancy.
Women who have fibroids may also experience higher rates of miscarriage and infertility. When it comes to fertility and conception, fibroids' size, position, and quantity are important factors. In rare cases, it can be suggested that future deliveries be via cesarean section.
Fibroids Diagnosis
Fibroid diagnosis is a thorough procedure that usually includes a physical examination, a medical history, and a number of imaging tests.
Medical history: While discussing your medical history, doctors will inquire about a range of symptoms, such as heavy menstrual flow, pelvic pain, frequent urination, and reproductive issues. Finding out about a patient's family history of fibroids or related disorders can help your doctor in determining your condition.
Physical examination: A pelvic examination is used to assess the uterus's size, shape, and texture. Fibroids may be present if the uterus is swollen or developed irregularly. This examination also helps to rule out other possible explanations for the symptoms.
Imaging studies: A variety of imaging techniques are used to confirm the diagnosis and pinpoint the exact location, size, and quantity of fibroids. Ultrasound is frequently used as the first method of imaging since it may produce finely detailed images of the uterus. Ultrasonography is used both transvaginally and trans-abdominally to see fibroids.
MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides a more thorough image of the uterus and the structures around it. It is very useful for determining the quantity and size of fibroids.
Hysteroscopy: A thin, lighted tube is placed through the cervix to inspect the uterine cavity and detect any fibroids that may be affecting it.
Endometrial Biopsy: If there are any conces regarding abnormal bleeding, a tissue sample from the uterine lining may be required in order to rule out other disorders.
Treatments for Fibroids
Generally, fibroids don't need to be treated unless they are causing problems. On the other hand, women who are having trouble getting pregnant, and have painful periods, excessive bleeding, or other pressure sensations frequently seek medical attention.
The size of the fibroids and the intensity of the symptoms influence the treatment choices available. It also considers the individual needs of the woman, including her past pregnancies and her plans for a future pregnancy.
Painkillers can assist lessen the discomfort associated with menstruation, and anti-inflammatory medications may be recommended to lessen the severity of bleeding.
Iron replacement treatment could be suggested if anemia is present.
Treatment options for fibroids include a range of surgical procedures as well, including:
Uterine artery embolization: In uterine artery embolization, the arteries supplying the fibroids with blood are injected with tiny, sterile particles. Through cutting off the blood supply, this technique causes the fibroids to shrink. It is not recommended for women who are considering getting pregnant.
Hysteroscopic myomectomy: Under general anesthesia, a hysteroscopic myomectomy is used to remove a fibroid that is either entirely or partially inside the uterus.
Laparoscopic myomectomy: Another cutting-edge surgical option is laparoscopic myomectomy, which involves the fibroid's complete removal while under general anesthesia. The benefits of this procedure over an open abdominal myomectomy include less scarring and improved recovery after surgery.
MRI-guided ultrasound uses concentrated, high-intensity ultrasound waves to overheat the fibroid's cells, causing them to contract.
During a hysterectomy, the uterus is removed entirely. Usually, women who have finished family planning get this procedure. Abdominal surgery is not recommended over the laparoscopic approach.
One kind of non-cancerous growth that appears inside or on top of the uterus is called a uterine fibroid. Certain fibroids may cause no symptoms at all, but others may cause back pain, heavy menstrual bleeding, frequent urination, and discomfort during sex. Larger fibroids might need surgery or medical attention, whereas smaller fibroids might not need any treatment at all.
