Why is ovulation necessary for pregnancy?

If you have unprotected sex any time between five days prior to ovulation and one day following ovulation, you could become pregnant. Confused? Well, let’s understand the ovulation cycle first:

Stages of Ovulation Cycle 

1. Follicular stage: The first day of your menstrual flow marks the beginning of the first phase. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), among other hormones, is released by your body to cause the eggs in your ovaries to develop. These hormones additionally help in thickening your uterine lining between days two and fourteen, preparing it for a fertilized egg. This phase is known as the follicular stage. 
2. Ovulation period: The typical menstrual cycle lasts 28-35 days. Ovulation occurs between days 11 and 21 of your cycle. Luteinizing hormone (LH) levels rise, signaling the release of the most mature egg. Around the same time, the mucus in your cervical cavity becomes increasingly slippery in order to help sperm in reaching the egg.
3. Mensturation: Progesterone helps prime the lining of your uterus for a fertilized egg by functioning during the second half of your menstrual cycle. In the event that the egg is not fertilized and does not implant, it disintegrates, progesterone levels drop, and after 12 to 16 days, the egg is expelled from the body along with blood and uterine lining tissues. It is the menstrual cycle. Usually, it lasts three to seven days.

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When are you most fertile? 

In general, the best chance for pregnancy takes place when intercourse occurs 1-2 days before ovulation. If you have a 28-day cycle, count backwards for 14 days from the start of your next period. Aim on having intercourse every other day, between days 12 and 14. 

What is Anovulation?

If you are not ovulating, there's no egg for the sperm to fertilize, so you cannot become pregnant. An anovulatory cycle is a menstrual cycle in which there is no ovulation. This can be caused by a multitude of underlying conditions and it's a typical cause of infertility.

Anovulatory Cycles: What Causes them?

An imbalance in the hormones that regulate ovulation is typically the cause of anovulatory occurrences. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels rise first. Anovulation can be brought on by anything that messes with these hormones, and there are a number of underlying causes for this, such as:

• Being overweight: You may have excess androgens, or male hormones like testosterone, if your body mass index (BMI) is high. This may cause disruptions to the hormones that control ovulation.
• Excessive exercise or low body weight: Anovulation can result from low body weight or intense exercise, just like it might with a high BMI. It causes this by interfering with your pituitary gland's secretion of the hormones that regulate ovulation.
• Stress: Stress has an impact on the hormones that regulate ovulation as well. According to one study, it took 29% longer for women with high salivary levels of an enzyme that signals stress to become pregnant than for those with minimal amounts of the enzyme.
• Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): For women of reproductive age, PCOS is the most prevalent cause of hormonal imbalance. Approximately one in ten women are impacted. You create too much testosterone if you have PCOS. The follicles, or sacs, in your ovaries that hold your eggs stay small when your androgen levels are high. This may inhibit the release of eggs from your body.
• Changes in the Prolactin or TSH levels: Your pituitary gland produces two hormones: prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The hormones required for ovulation may be affected if these hormone levels are incorrect. Your thyroid gland's issues may cause these hormones to be produced excessively or insufficiently.

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Treatments for infertility

Infertility can be caused by a variety of factors. The first step is to have your doctor examine you and your spouse. Fertility medications, which encourage ovulation, and In Vitro Fertilization, which involves extracting eggs from the ovaries, fertilizing them in a lab, and implanting them into the uterus, are two main treatments for infertility.

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