Infertility is broadly defined as a couple’s inability to become pregnant after one year of regular intercourse. When this occurs, doctors evaluate both couples to find the cause.
For men, sperm analysis is the cornerstone of fertility evaluation, and there are several methods for assessing it. Sperm count (the total number of sperm produced by a man) and sperm concentration (the number of sperm per milliliter of semen) are standard measurements, however they are not the best predictors of fertility. A more accurate estimate is the total motile sperm count, which assesses the proportion of sperm that can swim and move.
Fertility can be affected by a variety of conditions, including obesity, hormone imbalances, and hereditary illnesses. There are treatments available to help men in such cases. However, beginning in the 1990s, experts observed a troubling trend. Even after accounting for several recognized risk factors, male fertility looked to be dropping for decades. This was discovered to be the result of men being exposed to environmental pollutants on a daily basis.
Environmental toxicity and fertility
Concerns regarding the effects of environmental pollutants on human health have increased significantly in recent years. While the impact of these toxins on many facets of human health have been extensively researched, one area of special concern is fertility. Toxins in the environment can disturb endocrine and hormonal balance in both men and women, affect reproductive health, and make it difficult to conceive.
7 common environmental contaminants and their impact on fertility
- Bisphenol A (BPA): Bisphenol A, sometimes known as BPA, is a chemical found in numerous plastic items such as food containers, water bottles, and paper receipts. BPA has been associated with lower sperm quality and motility, menstrual cycle disturbances, and an increased chance of miscarriage. To prevent BPA exposure, use glass or stainless steel containers, avoid microwaving plastic, and use BPA-free items whenever possible.
- Phthalates: Phthalates are compounds used in the manufacturing of plastics, personal care products, and scents. According to research, phthalate exposure may be connected with lower sperm quality, poor ovarian function, and an increased chance of infertility. Avoid exposure by using natural personal care products, avoiding plastic wrappers and containers, and choosing fragrance-free solutions.
- Pesticides: Pesticides containing harmful compounds are commonly used in agriculture to control pests and boost crop output. Pesticide exposure has been related to decreased fertility, an increased chance of miscarriage, and hormonal imbalances. Choose organic produce wherever feasible, thoroughly wash fruits and vegetables, and consider supporting local farmers that use sustainable and pesticide-free methods.
- Air Pollution: Fine particulate matter and hazardous gases emitted by vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and fossil fuel combustion can reduce sperm quality, interrupt menstrual cycles, and raise the risk of infertility. To reduce exposure, avoid outdoor activities on high pollution days, use air purifiers indoors, and support sustainable transportation methods.
- Heavy Metals: Heavy metals, such as lead, mercury, and cadmium, may gather in the body over time and have detrimental effects on reproductive health. Lead exposure, for example, has been linked to lower fertility in both men and women. Be aware of potential sources of heavy metal exposure, such as old pipes, specific fish species, and cosmetic goods, and take steps to reduce your intake.
- Parabens: Parabens are well-known endocrine disruptors that can be found in cosmetics, shampoos, conditioners, lotions, and even face cleansers. To prevent parabens, read labels and avoid products with compounds that end in -paraben, including so-called “natural” products. Additionally, avoid paraben replacements such as methylisothiazolinone and methylchloroisothiazolinone.
- Flame Retardants: Common flame retardants contain chemicals that are used to make clothing or upholstery fire resistant, and they can also be found in electronics, nail paint, yoga mats, and vehicle seats. These chemicals frequently migrate out of their products over time, polluting the residence dust and foods. When purchasing furniture and clothing, read the labels carefully and avoid anything containing polyurethane foam. Dust your home and work areas, and wash your hands frequently.
Endocrine disrupting chemicals
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are environmental pollutants and compounds, typically man-made, that mimic, obstruct, or interfere with hormones in the endocrine system. From conception to death, the endocrine system regulates and orchestrates nearly all physiological functions. The endocrine system performs a wide range of important processes, including growth, reproduction, metabolism, and organ function.
Problems emerge when EDCs in our environment interfere with the endocrine system’s signaling, causing the hormone (endocrine) system to behave abnormally. Continuous exposure to EDCs, even at low levels, can impair the delicate functioning of our endocrine system.
Unfortunately, EDC-containing products can be found everywhere. Many everyday products include hormone-disrupting chemicals, including cosmetics, food and beverage packaging, toys, carpets, and clothing. These compounds are commonly found in urine and blood. According to research, these compounds have the potential to mimic estrogen and disrupt the body’s hormonal balance.
Conclusion
Protecting our fertility and reproductive health is critical to achieving a sustainable future. While it is impossible to totally avoid all environmental toxins, being aware of the hazards and taking proactive steps to prevent exposure can help to mitigate their impact. By making informed decisions, campaigning for tougher environmental legislation, and promoting sustainable activities, we can protect our fertility and contribute to a healthier world for future generations. Remember that every step contributes toward protecting our reproductive health and the well-being of our planet.